【故事复现】孜孜不倦的科学家
• Step 1: Listen and answer the question.
第一步：听Freya慢速朗读的故事，回答下列问题。
Question: Why did he risk his life like this?
问题：为什么他过着这么冒险的生活？
• 词汇准备
• volcano 火山
• active 活动的
• erupt 喷射
• violently 猛烈地，剧烈地
• manage 设法
• brilliant 精彩的
• liquid 液态的
• escape 逃脱
• Step 2: Intensive reading.
第二步：故事精读。
A Polish scientist spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all
parts of the world.
一位波兰科学家花了毕生的精力来研究世界各地的活火山和探洞。
In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later
named Kituro.
1948年，他去了刚果的基伍湖，对一座后来被他命名为基图罗的新火山进行观
察。
He was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting
violently.
当火山正在猛烈地喷发时，他能够把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方。
Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near
the volcano for very long.
尽管他设法拍了一些十分精彩的照片，但他却不能在火山附近停留太长的时
间。
He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to
surround him completely, but he managed to escape just in time.
他发现有一股岩浆正向他流过来，眼看就要将他团团围住，但他还是设法及时
逃离了。
He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later.
他等到火山平静下来，两天以后又返回去。
This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take
photographs and measure temperatures.
这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山口，以便能拍摄照片和测试温度。
He often risked his life in this way. He was able to tell us more about active volcanoes
than anyone else.
他经常冒这样的生命危险。他告诉我们的有关活火山的情况比任何人都要多。
• Step 3: Listen again and answer the questions.
第三步：再听一遍，回答下列问题。
1 Where did the Polish scientist go in 1948? Why did he go there? What did he call
it? (to...which)
2 Did he take photographs or not? Did he have to leave almost at once or not? Did a
river of liquid rock threaten to surround him or not? (After taking... because)
3 Did he escape just in time or not? When did he return? Had the volcano become
quiet, or was it still active? (but…when)
4 Where did he climb this time? Why did he do so?(in order to)
Answer: The Polish scientist went to Lake Kivu in the Congo in 1948 to
observe a new volcano which he called Kituro. After taking photographs he
had to leave almost at once because a river of liquid rock threatened to
surround him. He escaped just in time but he returned two days later when
the volcano had become quiet. This time he climbed into the mouth of Kituro
in order to take photographs and measure temperatures.
• Exercise: Sentence structure and vocabulary.
课外练习：句型及词汇训练。
1 He went to the Congo ________.
(a)to observe Lake Kivu
(b)to take photographs
(c)to name a new volcano
(d)to investigate new volcano
2 Kituro erupted violently _______.
(a)and he had to leave but he returned later
(b) so he had to leave and couldn't return
(c)so he couldn't take photographs
(d) so he couldn't measure temperatures
3 He managed to take a number of photographs. This means he _______them.
(a)might have taken
(b) could have taken
(c)should have taken
(d) succeeded in taking
4 He escaped just in time. He _______escaped.
(a) just only
(b)only
(c) soon
(d) only just
5 He waited until the volcano became quiet. He waited _______quiet.
(a)to the volcano to become
(b) the volcano to become
(c)the volcano became
(d) for the volcano to become
6 He was able to return. This means he ________.
(a) could if he wanted to
(b)might
(c)could have
(d) did
7 He has been able to tell us a lot ________ volcanoes.
(a)considering
(b)on the subject of
(c)in relation
(d) referring
8 He is a Polish scientist. He comes from _______.
(a)Pole
(b)Poland
(c)Polish
(d)the Pole
9 He named it Kituro. That's what he ______it.
(a)called
(b)shouted
(c)cried
(d) screamed
10 The rock was in a liquid state. It wasn't _______.
(a)firm
(b)stable
(c)whole
(d)solid
11 He wanted to measure temperatures. He wanted to ______them.
(a)count
(b)make
(c)do
(d)take
12 He has told us more than any ______ person.
(a)alive
(b)lively
(c)live
(d)living
Key: 1d 2a 3d 4d 5d 6d 7b 8b 9a 10d 11d 12d
第五十三单元【语法点拨】
定语从句等其他结构的主谓一致
这节课主要介绍定语从句、强调结构、what从句以及存在句 there be的一致。
▶ 定语从句的主谓一致
▪在正式体中, one of+复数名词+who/that/which后的定语从句中的谓语动词用
复数。
• Mr. Gilmore is one of those men who appear to be friendly; however, it is
very hard to deal with him.
吉尔摩先生是那些表面上很友好的人之一，然而，与他打交道非常难。
▪在上述结构中，当one之前有the only等限定词或修饰语时，定语从句的谓语
动词依one而定，即采用单数形式。
• He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
他是那些男孩中唯一愿意承担另一任务的人。
• This is the only one of the many houses here which was destroyed by the
earthquake.在这里的许多房子中，这是唯一的一座被地震摧毁的房子。
▪定语从句中的关系代词who, that, which作主语时，谓语动词应与先行词保持
一致。
• Henry’s father, who is an engineer, lives next door to us.
亨利的父亲是一位工程师，住在我们的隔壁。
• This is the man who wants to see you.这就是那个想见你的人。
• I, who am your colleague, shall share the work with you.
我是你的同事，将与你分担这项工作。
▶ 强调结构的主谓一致
▪在“It is+代词+that/who...”的强调结构中，谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。
• It is I who am to blame.是我应受到责备。
• It is she who is responsible for the accident.是她要对这起事故负责。
▶ 名词从句和what从句的主谓一致
▪由连接词、连接代词和连接副词引导的名词从句，谓语动词采取单数形
式。
• That the crime was done deliberately is quite clear.
这罪行是有意干的是相当清楚的。
• Whether she comes or not does not concern me.她来不来与我没有关系。
• When and where the next earthquake will occur is still a mystery.
下次地震何时何地发生仍是个谜。
▪当what从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词多按语法一致的原则,采用单数形式。
• Quality is what counts most.质量是最重要的因素(事情)
▪然而在下列情况下,以what从句作主语的谓语动词也可以采用复数形式：
(1)在以what从句为主语的主语+系动词+表语的结构中，如果表语是复数形式。
• What I want to buy are books and magazines.
我想要买的是书籍和杂志。
(2)当what从句是个具有复数意义的并列结构时。
• What I say and think(=What I say and what I think) are none of your
business.
我说什么和想什么不关你的事。
▶ there be的主谓一致
▪there be存在句中的谓语动词单、复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的
单、复数形式。
• There is a car waiting outside.有一辆车在外面等候。
• There are still some vacant seats for you.仍然还有你们的一些空座位。
▪在传统语法中,要按语法一致原则来处理,即there be后面只要跟两个或两个以
上的主语，谓语动词就得要用复数形式。
• There are cock and five hens in the picture.画中有一只公鸡和五只母鸡。
• There are a cat, a dog, and a rabbit in the garden.
花园里有一只猫、一条狗和一只兔子。
▪然而，在非正式文体中，尤其在口语中，如果一个句子是由there引起,而主
语又不止一个，谓语动词通常可与最邻近的那个主语保持一致。
• There is a dictionary and two books on the desk.书桌上有一本字典和两本
书。
▶ 代词一致
▪名词的性无法确定时，可用阳性或阴性代词，通常多用阳性代词。
• An average student with average intelligence can be a top student if he/she
plans his/ her time carefully.
中等智力的学生只要仔细地安排他/她的时间便可以成为拔尖学生。
▪当each, every+名词, either(+名词), neither, one, everyone, everybody, no one,
anyone, anybody, someone, somebody等作主语时,其相应的代词一般为单
数。
• Each and every driver knows what his or her job is to be.
每一位驾驶员都清楚他或她的工作是什么。
• Every dog has its day.[谚]凡人皆有得意之日。
• Every man has his weak side.人皆有弱点。
• Somebody lost his/ her coat.有人丢失了外套。
• Anyone who fails the driving test will not be able to get his license.
凡驾驶考试不及格者将不能获得其执照。
• One should do one’s duty.人人应该尽责。
注:不定代词one作主语时,其相应的代词可以是one/one’s,也可以是he/his,但不能
用you/your, they/their.
▪everything, anything, something, nothing作主语时,其相应的代词通常采用单数
形式。
• Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切准备就绪,是吗?
• Nothing remains of its former glory. 它昔日的荣耀已荡然无存。
▪代词与其所代替或修饰的名词(或另一代词)在人称和性别上必须保持一致。
• She handed in her resignation right after the cabinet meeting.
内阁会议一开完她就提出了辞呈。
• Those of us who are over fifty years old should get our blood pressure
checked regularly.
我们中间50岁以上的人应该定期检查血压。
• In spite of their small size, these cameras can take very good pictures.
这些相机的体积虽小,但是能够拍很好的照片。
▪英语中,表示国家、船只等事物的名词一般被看作是阴性的，因此常常用she,
her等来代替。
• France has decided to increase her trade with China.
法国决定增加其对华贸易。
▪集合名词作主语时,如表示整体概念,其相应的代词用单数;如表示成员,代词
用复数。
• The committee has not made its decision as to when the next meeting will be
held.
该委员会尚未就何时召开下次会议做出决定。
• The committee have been arguing over the issue among themselves for long
time.
该委员会的成员们很长时间一直在争论这个问题。
第五十四单元