【故事复现】一头小象引发的交通堵塞
• Step 1: Listen and answer the question.
第一步：听Freya慢速朗读的故事，回答下列问题。
Question: Why did the police have to push Jumbo off the main street?
问题：为什么警察必须要把江伯推出主干道？
• 词汇准备
• Christmas 圣诞节
• circus 马戏团
• present 礼物
• accompany 陪伴
• approach 走近
• ought 应该
• weigh 重
• fortunate 幸运的
• Step 2: Intensive reading.
第二步：故事精读。
Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a
children’s hospital.
去年圣诞节，马戏团老板吉米·盖茨决定送些礼物给儿童医院。
Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a ‘guard of honour’ of six pretty
girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.
他打扮成圣诞老人，在由6个漂亮姑娘组成的“仪仗队”的陪同下，骑上一头名
叫江伯的小象，沿着城里的主要街道出发了。
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.
他本该知道警察绝不会允许这类事情发生。
A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side
street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.
一个警察走过来告诉吉米，他应该走一条小路，因为江泊阻碍了交通。
Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had
to push very hard to get him off the main street.
虽然吉米同意马上就走，但江伯却拒绝移动。15个警察不得不用很大的力气把
它推离主要街道。
The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. ‘Jumbo must weigh a few
tons,’ said a policeman afterwards, ‘so it was fortunate that we didn’t have to carry
him.
警察虽然吃了苦头，但他们还是感到很有趣。“江伯一定有好几吨重，”一个
警察事后这样说，“值得庆幸的是它没让我们抬它走。
Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this
time.’
当然，我们应该逮捕它，但由于它一贯表现很好，这次我们饶了它。”
• Step 3: Listen again and answer the questions.
第三步：再听一遍，回答下列问题。
1 What did he decide to take to a children’s hospital? How did the circus owner,
Jimmy Gates, dress up? Did he set off down the main street of the city, or did he go
down a side street? Was he riding an elephant called Jumbo or not? (After having ...
and ...riding)
2 Was he told that he was holding up the traffic or not? Did Jimmy agree to go at
once, or not? Did Jumbo agree to go, or did he refuse to move? How many
policemen had to push him off the main street? (On being ... but ... so...)
3 Did he have a good record or not? Was Jumbo arrested or not? (As …
however, ...)
Answer: After having decided to take some presents to a children’s hospital,
the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, dressed up as Father Christmas and set off
down the main street of the city riding an elephant called Jumbo. On being
told that he was holding up the traffic, Jimmy agreed to go at once but Jumbo
refused to move, so fifteen policemen had to push him off the main street. As
he had a good record, however, Jumbo was not arrested.
• Exercise: Sentence structure and vocabulary.
课外练习：句型及词汇训练。
1 Jimmy wouldn't have been stopped if ________.
(a)he had gone down a side street
(b)he hadn't ridden an elephant
(c)he had gone down the main street
(d)he hadn't dressed up as Father Christmas
2 One of these statements is true. Which one?
(a)Jumbo was arrested.
(b)Jimmy was arrested.
(c)The police were not amused by what had happened.
(d)The police had difficult time getting Jumbo off the main street.
3 Jimmy _______ Father Christmas.
(a)seemed as
(b)looked like
(c)looked as
(d)seemed
4 He should have known the police wouldn't allow it ________.
(a)and he did
(b)but he didn't
(c) but he couldn't
(d) but he had
5 He ought to have gone along a side street. That's what he ________.
(a)should do
(b)should be doing
(c)should have done
(d) should
6 Jumbo must weigh a few tons. Jumbo _______ a few tons.
(a)probably weighs
(b)has to weigh
(c)ought to weigh
(d) should weigh
7 ________ to carry him?
(a)Did they have
(b)Had they
(c)Must they
(d) Have they
8 He set off down the main street. He _______.
(a)ran
(b)walked
(c)rode
(d) started his journey
9 Jumbo was holding up the traffic. He had _______cars.
(a) picked up some
(b)sat on some
(c)stopped the
(d)held on to the
10 Jimmy agreed to go at once, but Jumbo ________to move.
(a)denied
(b)resisted
(c)refused
(d)negated
11 It was fortunate we didn't have to carry him. It was our _______.
(a)good chance
(b)good luck
(c)fortune
(d)fate
12 The police let him off. They _______him.
(a)allowed
(b) permitted
(c)didn't forbid
(d)didn't punish
Key: 1a 2d 3b 4b 5c 6a 7a 8d 9c 10c 11b 12d
第五十二单元【语法点拨】
主谓一致（下）
▶ 谓语动词用复数
• 某些集合名词如cattle, police, clergy(牧师,神职人员), poultry(家禽)等作主
语时，谓语动词用复数。
• The police are on his track.警察在跟踪他。
注: people, the people作“民族”或“种族”解时是可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词
用单数。
• Each people builds a culture adapted to its peculiar needs.
每个民族都建立一种适应其独特需要的文化。
▪表 示 成 双 成 对 的 名 词 如 , trousers, scissors, glasses, clothes, pants( 短 裤 ),
shorts(短裤), tights(女人的紧身袜裤)等作主语时，若被a pair of修饰，谓语
动词用单数;否则谓语动词用复数形式。
• Your trousers are worn out. You should mend them.
你的裤子破了，应该补一下。
• There is a pair of scissors on the worktable.工作台上有把剪刀。
▪both, few, many, several等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
• Both of them like popular songs.他们两人都喜欢流行歌曲。
• Few people like snakes.很少有人喜欢蛇。
▶ 谓语动词用单复数
▪集合名词如committee, company, enemy, group, family, flock, public, team等
等。当它指代的集合名词作为一个整体时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它
指代一组成员的每个单个个体时，谓语动词用复数。
• The family was united on this question.全家在这个问题上达成一致。
• My family are always fighting among themselves.我的家里人总是互相争
斗。
• The enemy is suing for peace.敌人正在寻求和平。
• The enemy were showing up in groups of three or four to turn in their
weapons.
敌军三三两两地走出来交了他们的武器。
在英国用法中，集合名词多被用作复数。
• The government have not announced the new policy. 政府还未宣布新政
策。
集合名词在同一个结构中不能既作单数又作复数。
• The family is determined to press its claim.
全家一致决定发表其声明。(不可用 their)
▪English, Chinese, French等词作主语指语言时，谓语动词用单数，指人民时
用复数。
• Chinese is one of the five working languages used in the United Nations.
中文是联合国使用的5种工作语言之一。
• The Chinese are very hospitable.中国人十分好客。
▪有些复数名词作主语既可用单数动词，又可用复数动词，一般用单数动
词。
(1)以-s结尾的游戏或疾病名称，如billiards(台球), bowls(滚木球), measles(麻疹),
arthritis(关节炎)等一般作单数用。
• Measles is a contagious disease.麻疹是一种传染性疾病。
(2)以-ics结尾的名词作主语，如表示学科，谓语动词用单数；如表示特定的事
物，谓语动词用复数。
• Mathematics is a compulsory subject.数学是一门必修课。
• His mathematics are not so good.他的数学成绩不太好。
(3)单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据该名词所表示的含义来决定谓语动词的形
式。
• The species of fish are numerous.鱼的种类繁多。
• This species of fish is extinct.这种鱼已灭绝。
(4)复数名词用作专有名词时，谓语动词用单数。
• The United Nations was founded after World War II ended in 1945.
联合国于1945年第二次世界大战后成立。
• Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860.
《远大前程》是狄更斯于1860年写成的。
(5) lots of, heaps of, loads of (许多,大量)等+名词作主语时，谓语动词单、复数形
式取决于其后的名词。
• Lots of people are lining up at the ticket office window.
许多人正在售票窗口排队。
• Lots of money has been saved up.已经省下了很多钱。
(6)由variety of或number of+名词结构作句子的主语时，若前面有不定冠词a时，
谓语动词用复数；若前面有定冠词the时，谓语动词用单数。
• A number of students were absent yesterday.昨天有许多学生缺席。
• The number of jobless people grows.失业人数在增加。
▶ 并列结构作主语的主谓一致
▪由and或both…and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时，一般根据语法一
致的原则，谓语动词用复数形式。
• Both he and Sophia were pleased with the girl.他和索菲娅都喜欢这个女
孩。
• Baseball and swimming are usually summer sports.
棒球和游泳通常是夏季运动。
当并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，则要根据意义一致的原
则,谓语动词用单数形式，否则用复数形式。
• The secretary and accountant of the company was absent at the meeting.
该公司的秘书兼会计没有出席会议。(同一人)
• The secretary and the accountant of the company were absent at the meeting.
该公司的秘书和会计都没有出席会议。(两人)
• Whisky and soda is always my favorite drink.
苏打威士忌总是我最喜欢的饮料。(一种饮料)
▪在each... and each, every…and every, no...and no等结构之后, 谓语动词用单数
形式。
• Each man and each woman is asked to help.
要求每个男人和每个妇女来帮助。
• No teacher and no student has come here today.今天没有师生来这儿。
▪由not only...but(also), either...or, neither…nor或or连接的并列主语，通常根据
就近原则，谓语动词的单、复数形式以最接近的名词(词组)的单复数形式
而定。
• Not only the mother but also the children were present.
不仅这位母亲而且孩子们都出席了。
• Neither you nor he is to blame.你和他都不应受到责备。
• Either you or I am to go.不是你就是我必须去。
▪当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, with, along with, like, together with,
rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition
to, no less than等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、数形式不受这些短语的
影响,通常按语法一致的原则，即按主语的单、复数而定。
• The pilot as well as the passengers has survived the air crash.
飞行员以及乘客在空难中都幸存下来。
• John, as much as his brothers, was responsible for the loss.
约翰和他兄弟一样要对损失负责。
• Jack, more than anyone else, is anxious to go there.
杰克比任何别的人都急于想去那里。
• No one except two servants was late for the dinner.
除了两个仆人外，没有人赴宴迟到。
▪在倒装结构中，谓语动词的单、复数形式应与其后的主语保持一致。
• Among the mountains lies a modern hydraulic power station.
在群山之中是一座现代化的水电站。
• Ahead of us lie miles of undulating wilderness.
我们面前是一片起伏不平的荒野。
第五十三单元