【故事复现】一波三折才建成的隧道
• Step 1: Listen and answer the question.
第一步：听Freya慢速朗读的故事，回答下列问题。
Question: Why was the first tunnel not completed?
问题：为什么第一个隧道没有完成？
Answer: Because the British were afraid of invasion through the tunnel.
• 词汇准备
• tunnel 隧道
• port 港口
• ventilate 通风
• chimney 烟囱
• sea level 海平面
• double 双的
• ventilation 通风
• fear 害怕
• invasion 入侵，侵略
• officially 正式地
• connect 连接
• European 欧洲的
• continent 大陆
• Step 2: Intensive reading.
第二步：故事精读。
In 1858, a French engineer, Tom, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-
mile tunnel under the English Channel.
1858年，一位名叫汤姆的法国工程师带着建造一条长21英里、穿越英吉利海峡
的隧道计划到了英国。
He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This
platform would serve as a port and a railway station.
他说，可以在隧道中央建造一座平台，这座平台将用作码头和火车站。
The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
如果再建些伸出海面的高大的烟囱状通风管，隧道就具备了良好的通风条件。
In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William.
1860年，一位名叫威廉的英国人提出了一项更好的计划。
He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. This would solve the
problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air
behind it.
他提议建一条双轨隧道，这样就解决了通风问题。因为如果有列火车开进隧
道，它就把新鲜空气随之抽进了隧道。
Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not
feared invasion, it would have been completed.
42年以后，隧道实际已经开始建了。如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵，隧道
早已建成了。
The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel.
世界不得不再等将近100年才看到海峡隧道竣工。
It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European
continent.
它于1994年3月7日正式开通，将英国与欧洲大陆连到了一起。
• Step 3: Listen again and answer the questions.
第三步：再听一遍，回答下列问题。
1Who planned to build a tunnel under the English Channel in 1858? How would it
be ventilated? (The tunnel, which…)
2 Who suggested a better plan two years later?
3 How would passing trains solve the problem of ventilation in his proposed double
railway-tunnel? (because they would)
4 Did work begin forty-two years later or not? Why was it stopped? (Though…
because)
5 When was the Channel Tunnel officially opened? (However)
Answer: The tunnel, which the French engineer, Tom, planned to build under
the English Channel in 1858, would be ventilated by tall chimneys built above
sea level. An Englishman, William, suggested a better plan two years later.
Passing trains would solve the problem of ventilation in his proposed double
railway-tunnel because they would draw in fresh air behind them. Though
work began forty-two years later, it was stopped because the British feared
invasion. However, the tunnel was officially opened on March 7, 1994.
• Exercise: Sentence structure and vocabulary.
课外练习：句型及词汇训练。
1 William’s idea was better than Tom because _________.
(a)it was cheaper
(b)there were no chimneys in his plan
(c)his tunnel would be better ventilated
(d) it wouldn't be necessary to build a platform in the centre of the Channel
2 Work on the Channel Tunnel _________.
(a)began immediately after William outlined his plan
(b)never began
(c)began a long time after William put up his plan
(d)began recently when William put up his plan
3 It would be possible to build a platform. A platform __________.
(a)could build
(b) would be built
(c)could be built
(d) would build
4 He suggested _________ a double railway tunnel.
(a) to build
(b) build
(c) building
(d) that building
5 This would solve the problem. That's how the problem ________solved.
(a) would been
(b) would be
(c) would have been
(d) had been
6 If a train _______ this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.
(a)would enter
(b)entered
(c)will enter
(d) enters
7 People were ________the idea of a Channel Tunnel.
(a) interesting in
(b) interested for
(c) interested in
(d) interesting for
8 The tunnel would be well ventilated It would have good ________.
(a)air
(b)airing
(c)ventilation
(d) circulation
9A plan was put forward by William. He ________it.
(a)suggested
(b)intended
(c)aimed at
(d)planned
10 The British feared invasion. They were _________it.
(a) in favour of
(b) afraid of
(c) prevented
(d) ended
11 It finally connects Britain and Europe. Britain and Europe are finally ________.
(a)mixed
(b) joined together
(c) rejoined
(d)combined
12 The tunnel has now been completed. It has been
(a)ended
(b)finished
(c)prevented
(d)stopped
Key: 1c 2c 3c 4c 5b 6b 7c 8c 9a 10b 11b 12b
第五十一单元【语法点拨】
一致关系之主谓一致
▶ 主谓一致的三条原则
一致关系是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、格、性等方面必须保持的
一种协调关系。一致关系主要表现在主谓一致、代词一致、主语及其补语的一
致。谓语动词在人称和数两个方面必须和主语一致。决定主谓一致的三条原
则：
▪语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。一般说来，主语为单数形式，谓语
动词也采取单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。
• The number of deaths caused by car accidents is surprising every year.
每年交通事故造成的死亡数量是惊人的。
➢ 句中的主语 the number 为第三人称单数，故谓语动词必须用 is。
• People do not know the value of health till they lose it.
直到失去健康，人们才知道健康的可贵。
➢ 句中主语 people 为复数形式，故谓语动词必须采取复数形式 do not
know。
▪意义一致，即从意义上而不是语法形态上来看待和处理主谓一致关系，换
句话说，谓语采取单数还是复数取决于句子在意义上是单数还是复数。
• Are the living more important than the dead?
活着的人比死去的人更重要吗?
➢ 句中 the living 指所有活着的人，形式上貌似单数，但意义上却是复
数，指所有活着的人，故谓语动词必须用 are。
▪就近原则，即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
• Either you or he is in the wrong.
不是你就是他错了。
➢ 句中 he 靠近谓语动词，he 为第三人称单数，所以必须用 is。
主谓一致(上)
▶ 名词词组的中心词作主语的主谓一致
▪名词词组的中心词为单数、单独的动名词(词组)、动词不定式(短语)以及主
语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
• The quality of iron is hardness; the quality of sugar is sweetness.
铁的特征是硬，蔗糖的性质是甜。
• Collecting stamps is his hobby.集邮是他的爱好。
• To finish the work in so short a time now seems practically impossible.
在如此短的时间内完成这项工作现在看来实际上是不可能的。
• When we shall have our sports meet is still a problem.
我们何时举行运动会仍然是个问题。
▪当名词词组中心词为表示量度、温度、时间、钱等复数名词时，往往根据
意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
• Two hours is the limit of this test.两小时是本次测验的限度。
• Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
允许三周时间做必要的准备。
——“What do you need?”“你要什么?”
——“Five dollars is all I need.” “我只需要五块钱。”
注：如果明显地是指一个个的个体，则要根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词用复
数形式。例如:
• There are two silver dollars in each of the stockings.
每个长筒袜里有两块银元。
▪如果主语是由 all, most, half, none, some, plenty, the last, the rest, the remainder,
(a)part of 等名词构成时，谓语动词取决于名词的单、复数形式。
• All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
• All hope has gone.一切希望都破灭了。
• Half the car was damaged.小汽车的一半损坏了。
• Half the apples are bad.一半苹果变坏了。
• The rest are arriving later.其他人稍候就到。
• Part of the house was burned in the fire.这房子的一部分被火烧毁。
• Part of the passengers were injured in the accident.部分乘客在车祸中受
伤。
• None of the questions are difficult.这些问题都不难。
▪如果主语是由 form of, portion of, series of, species of, kind of 名词构成时,谓
语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用单数形式。
• A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.
已经制作好一系列的磁带供语言实验室使用。
• The first portion of the book was marvellous.那本书的开头部分非常精
彩。
▪用 many a, more than one 修饰的主语，谓语动词仍然用单数形式。
• Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks.许多轮船已在那些岩石上失
事。
• More than one car was burned in the riot.在骚乱中不止一辆小汽车被毁。
▪如果主语由 either ( neither)of+名词复数(或代词)结构担任时，一般根据语法
一致的原则，谓语动词用单数形式; another, each one, each of 名词复数(或
代词), either, no one, neither, the other 作主语时，谓语动词也采取单数形
式。
• Either of the plans is equally dangerous.两项计划都同样危险。
• Either of them is satisfactory.它们中的两个都令人满意。
• Neither of them was any good.它们中两个都不好。
▪由 the+形容词(或分词)担任主语时，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词
的单、复数形式：指一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；指个人或抽象概
念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
• The accused was found guilty.该被告被宣布有罪。
• The accused were tried and discharged.被告受审后都被释放了。
• The impossible in the past is now possible.
过去办不到的事现在都实现了。
▪分数或百分数+of 短语作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于 of 后
的名词单、复数形式。
• Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.
地球表面的四分之三覆盖着水。
• Three-fourths of the students in this college have passed College English
Test Band Four.
该校四分之三的学生已经通过大学英语四级考试。
• Fifteen percent of her monthly income is spent on books.
她每月收入的百分之十五花在买书上。
• Fifteen percent of the papers are written in English.
这些论文中有百分之十五是用英语写的。
▪数词、量词等作主语与谓语的一致
(1) 用作运算的数词作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数。
• Ten plus five makes fifteen.10 加 5 等于 15。
• Ten minus five is equal to five.10 减 5 等于 5。
• Five multiplied by four is twenty.5 乘以 4 等于 20。
(2)如果数词是复数形式，如 thousands of, millions of, billions of 等，谓语动词常
用复数。
• Hundreds of famous paintings are exhibited together in the Museum of
History in Beijing.
数百幅名画在北京历史博物馆汇展。
• Billions of dollars have gone into the building of the nuclear power station.
建造这座核电站已经花了数十亿美元。
第五十二单元