【故事复现】考了三次还没通过的考试
• Step 1: Listen and answer the question.
第一步：听Freya慢速朗读的故事，回答下列问题。
Question: Do you think that the writer passed his driving test? Why?
问题：你觉得这个作者考过驾照了吗？为什么？
Answer: No, because he failed the last part of the test.
• 词汇准备
• murder 谋杀
• instruct 命令，指示
• acquire 取得，获得
• confidence 信心
• examiner 考官
• suppose 假设
• tap 轻敲
• react 反应
• brake 刹车
• pedal 踏板
• mournful 悲哀的
• Step 2: Intensive reading.
第二步：故事精读。
I was being tested for a driving license for the third time. I had been asked to drive in
heavy traffic and had done so successfully.
那是我第3次参加驾驶证考试。按照要求，我必须在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，我圆
满地完成了这个任务。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.
在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。
Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.
确信我已通过考试，所以我几乎开始喜欢起这次考试。
The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said,
‘Just one more thing, Mr. James.
考官对我的驾驶想必是满意的，因为他微笑着说:“詹姆斯先生，只剩1项了。
Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap
on the window, you must stop within five feet.’
让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须让车在5英
尺内停下来。”
I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the
sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react.
我继续往前开着。过了一会儿，考官砰砰地敲了起来。虽然声音听得很清楚，
但我过了好一会儿才作出反应。
I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.
我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板，结果我俩的身体都向前冲去。
The examiner looked at me sadly. ‘Mr. James,’ he said, in a mournful voice, ‘you
have just killed that child!’
考官伤心地看着我。“詹姆斯先生，”他以悲伤的声调说，“你刚刚把那个小
孩压死了!”
• Step 3: Listen again and answer the questions.
第三步：再听一遍，回答下列问题。
1 Had Mr. James driven successfully in heavy traffic during his third driving test or
not? What did the examiner instruct him to do? (when)
2 What did he tell him to suppose? (that…would)
3 What would Mr. James have to do when the examiner tapped on the window?
4 Did he tap loudly or not? Did Mr. James react quickly enough or not? What was
he told? (Though…and)
Answer: Mr. James had driven successfully through heavy traffic during his
third driving test when the examiner instructed him to drive out of town. He
told him to suppose that a child would suddenly cross the road in front of him.
Mr. James would have to stop the car within five feet when the examiner
tapped on the window. Though he tapped loudly, Mr. James did not react
quickly enough and was told that he had just killed the child.
• Exercise: Sentence structure and vocabulary.
课外练习：句型及词汇训练。
1 Mr. James felt confident because ______.
(a)he was sure he hadn't failed this time
(b) he had driven in heavy traffic
(c)he had driven out of town
(d) the examiner smiled
2 Mr. James probably failed his test because _______.
(a)he ran over a child
(b)he didn't stop quickly enough
(c)he pressed the brake pedal too hard
(d) he and the examiner were thrown forward
3 Mr. James was taking the driving test. The examiner _________ him.
(a) was being testing
(b)was been testing
(c) was testing
(d) was tested
4 The examiner must have been pleased. He ________pleased.
(a)had to be
(b)was probably
(c)was certainly
(d) should be
5 Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road. Imagine it _________.
(a)would happen
(b)happening
(c)had been happening
(d)will have happened
6 Mr. James continued ________.
(a)to driving
(b)drive
(c)to drive
(d)to have been driving
7 I want the car to be stopped. I _______ the car.
(a)want to stop
(b)want stop
(c)want you stop
(d)want you to stop
8 When you have passed a driving test, you are allowed to ________.
(a)drive a car
(b) buy a car
(c)sell a car
(d) keep a car
9 He began to acquire confidence. He gradually _________confident.
(a)became
(b)came
(c)obtained
(d)took
10 He was instructed by the examiner to drive out of town. He was ______to do
this.
(a)taught
(b)told
(c)trained
(d)prepared
11 The examiner must have been pleased with my performance. He was pleased
with my_______.
(a)act
(b)behavior
(c)efforts
(d)doings
12 The examiner spoke in a mournful voice. His voice was
(a)lamentable
(b)sorry
(c)pitiful
(d)sorrowful
Key: 1a 2b 3c 4b 5b 6d 7d 8a 9a 10b 11c 12d
第四十八单元【语法点拨】
常用的时间状语从句连接词
在句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可以位于主句之前或之后。
位于主句之前时，通常用逗号与主句分开。状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原
因、条件、方式、让步、比较、目的和结果等意义。不同的状语从句要用不同
的从属连词或相当于从属连词的词组来引导。掌握状语从句用法的关键在于熟
悉并辨别引导状语从句的从属连词和词组。
现将引导各种状语从句的从属连词和词组列表如下：
状语从句 连接词
时间 when, while, as, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, the moment,
the minute, the second, the instant, once, each time, every time,
directly, immediately, instantly, no sooner...than,
hardly/scarcely/barely...when, whenever, by the time, next time, the
year
地点 where, wherever, everywhere
原因 because, as, since, now(that), seeing(that),in that,
considering(that),when
条件 if, unless, as (so)long as, on condition that, provided/providing (that),
suppose, in case, in the event that
让步 though, although, even if, even though, as, that, whether, no matter
what/when/who/ how..., whatever, whenever, whoever
方式 as, as if, as though, the way
比较 than, (not)as...as, not so...as
比例 the...the, as, according as, in proportion as
目的 that, so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that
结果 so that, so…that, such…that, with the result that
➢ 状语从句及其引导词用法辨析
▶ 时间状语从句
下面讨论时间状语从句，侧重讨论某些引导时间状语从句的连接词。
▪ when, while, as的用法比较:
(1) 相同点:
1 都可表示某事发生过程中，另一事又发生。从句谓语动词所表示的动作一般
都是延续的。
• When/While/As we were talking, she came up. 我们正在谈话时，她来了。
② 都可表示主句和从句动作同时发生，从句所表示的时间都是某一段时间。
• When/While /As she read us the letter, we all listened attentively.
她给我们念信时，我们都专心地听。
2 一般都不能和将来时连用，通常用一般现在时或现在进行时。
• I hope you’ll look after my boy when/while/as I am taking a bath.
我在洗澡时，希望你能照看一下我的孩子。
(2)不同点:
①when从句谓语动词所表示的动作可以发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前,
而while和as从句谓语动词表示的动作一般都与主句谓语动词同时发生。
• When they heard the news, they were much alarmed.
听到这消息，他们十分惊慌。(从句动作先于主句动作)
• Sweat streamed down his face as/while he worked.
他干活时汗从脸上不断地流下来。(主句动作和从句动作同时发生)
3 when从句表示的时间可以是某一瞬间或某一点，而while从句不能指时间的
一点，因为 while意为“for as long as”或“during the time that”。
• The train had just started when I arrived at the station.
我到达车站时，火车刚刚启动。
(句中when= at the moment that，不可换为 while)
• Please let me know when she comes.
她来时请告诉我。(句中when不可换成 while)
注：as从句主要表示一段时间，或者也可以表示时间的某一点。
• She called me up as/when she heard of the news.
一听到那消息，她立即给我打了电话。
4 当as, when和while表示两个动作同时发生时，一般而言,，while表示的动作
持续时间较长，as和when表示的动作持续时间较短。
• While there is life, there is hope.
有生命就有希望。(两个动作同时发生，持续的时间较长)
• I interrupted him just when he opened his mouth.
就在他要说的时候，我打断了他。(两个动作同时发生，持续时间相对
较短)
• As she listened to me, she looked concerned.
她在听我说的时候露出了关心的表情。
(两个动作同时发生，持续时间相对较短)
▪ till和until的用法比较:
(1)当主句谓语为持续性动词的肯定式时，till和until作“直到……为止”解；当
主句谓语为瞬间动词的否定式时，till和until作“直到……才”解。
• He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days
later.
他一直等到火山平息下来，两天后他才得以重回火山上。
(wait为持续性动词，所以主句动词用肯定形式)
• We can’t start the job until we have the approval from the authority
concerned.直到得到有关当局的批准之后，我们才能开始这项工作。
(start为瞬间动词，所以主句用的是否定形式)
(2) 在强调结构或倒装结构中，通常用until，而不用till。
• It was not until the meeting was over that he came.
直到会议结束时他才来。
• Not until my child had gone to school did I begin to work.
直到孩子上学后我才开始工作。
▪ before的用法
(1) before引导的时间状语从句，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，从句
的谓语动词要用肯定式，不可用否定式; before还用于一些常见句型，注意
before引导的从句的译法。
• We had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain.
我们刚到学校天就下雨了。
• Look before you leap.三思而后行。
• It was long time before she came to.过了老半天她才苏醒过来。
• It will be four years before we meet again.四年后再相会。
(2) before可以代替rather than，表示“宁愿……而不愿”之意。
• He’d die of hunger before he would steal. 他宁愿饿死也不愿偷窃。
(3)在not...till/until结构中代替till/until。
• Nothing can be done before he returns. 他不回来什么事也做不成。
第四十九单元