【故事复现】惩罚势利的售货员
• Step 1: Listen and answer the question.
第一步：听Freya慢速朗读的故事，回答下列问题。
Question: Did the woman get what she wanted?
问题：这个女人得到她想要的吗？
Answer: Yes, she did.
• 词汇准备
• Madam (对妇女的尊称)太太，夫人
• jeans 牛仔裤
• hesitate 犹豫，迟缓
• serve 接待(顾客)
• scornfully 轻蔑地
• punish 惩罚
• fur 裘皮
• eager 热切的，热情的
• Step 2: Intensive reading.
第二步：故事精读。
A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.
一位穿着牛仔裤的妇女站在一家高档商店的橱窗前。
Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that
was in the window.
她虽然犹豫了片刻，但终于还是走进了商店，要求把陈列在橱窗里的一件衣服
拿给她看。
The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her
scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.
接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮，轻蔑地看了她一眼后，便告诉她那件衣
服已经卖出去了。
The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next
day.
这位妇女怒气冲冲地走出了商店，决定第二天教训一下那个售货员。
She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag
in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.
第二天上午，她又来到这家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣，一只手拎着一只手提
包，另一只手拿着一把长柄伞。
After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who
she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.
找到那个无礼的售货员后，她还要看昨天的那件衣服。那个售货员没有认出她
是谁，这一回接待她的态度非常殷勤。
With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as
she saw it, the woman said she did not like it.
费了好大劲儿，他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服。这位妇女对那件衣服只看一眼，就
说不喜欢。
She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window
before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来，最后才买下了
她最先要看的那一件。
• Step 3: Listen again and answer the questions.
第三步：再听一遍，回答下列问题。
1 Did the woman in jeans hesitate for a moment or not? Did she enter an expensive
shop or not? What did she ask to see? (Though... and)
2 What did an assistant tell her? When did the woman return? Was she dressed in a
fur coat or not? (On being told by)
3 What was the assistant eager to do this time?
4 What did she make him bring her? What did the woman finally buy? (After
making)
Answer: Though the woman in jeans hesitated for a moment, she entered an
expensive shop and asked to see a dress that was in the window. On being told
by an assistant that the dress was sold, the woman returned the following
morning dressed in a fur coat. The assistant was eager to serve her this time.
After making him bring her almost everything in the window, the woman
finally bought the dress she had first asked for.
• Exercise: Sentence structure and vocabulary.
课外练习：句型及词汇训练。
1 The assistant refused to help the woman because he ________.
(a)didn't approve of the way she was dressed
(b)approved of the way she was dressed
(c)liked the way she was dressed
(d) noticed the way she was dressed
2 The woman got her revenge by ________.
(a) buying a dress
(b) putting the assistant to a lot of trouble
(c)complaining to the manager
(d) asking for something in the window
3 The woman stood at the window. She stood ________it.
(a) in front
(b) in front of
(c) front
(d) ahead of
4 The assistant her did not like the way she was dressed.
(a)served
(b)serving
(c)who serving
(d)was serving
5 After ________out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress.
(a)she was seeking
(b)she had sought
(c)sought
(d) when she sought
6 _________ who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.
(a)Not to realize
(b)Without to realize
(c) Except realizing
(d) Without realizing
7 She bought the dress ________ she had first asked for.
(a)who
(b)what
(c)that
(d) whom
8 He glanced at her scornfully. He _______ her.
(a)mocked
(b)teased
(c)laughed at
(d)despised
9 She returned the following day. She returned the day _______.
(a)other
(b)next
(c)after
(d) else
10 She sought out the rude assistant. He had been ________polite.
(a)un-
(b)im-
(c)in-
(d)dis-
11 He was eager to serve her. He was ________ to serve her.
(a)prompt
(b)fast
(c)nervous
(d)anxious
12 He brought almost everything in the window. He brought ________everything.
(a)nearly
(b)scarcely
(c)hardly
(d)already
Key: 1a 2b 3b 4b 5b 6d 7c 8d 9c 10b 11d 12a
第四十六单元【语法点拨】
关系代词的选择（上）
▶ 学习定语从句的关键在于正确运用关系代词，而关系代词的选择取决于以
下几个因素：
1.定语从句修饰或说明的先行词的意义，即先行词是指人还是指物
2.关系代词在从句中的句法功能，即关系代词是作定语从句的主语还是宾语,
还是句子的其他成分。
3.定语从句与先行词的关系，即定语从句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性的
定语从句。
下面讨论在定语从句中，如何正确选择关系代词及其用法比较。
▶ 关系代词的选择
▪ that与who的用法比较：
关系代词that与who都可以表示人，但that不可引导非限制性定语从句。一般
而言，that多用于口语或非正式文体, who 多用于正式文体。两者在限制性定语
从句中的用法有以下区别：
(1)在 everybody, anybody, everyone, anyone等词之后只能用关系代词who。
• Is there anyone who can answer this question? 有谁能回答这个问题吗?
(2)当先行词被一个最高级形容词或限定词如any, first, last, only等修饰时，用that
而不用who。
• He is the greatest composer that has ever lived.他是当代最伟大的作曲家。
• You are the only person that can help us.你是唯一能帮助我们的人。
(3)当先行词是指人、指物的两个并列名词时用that而不用who。
• He spoke of the people and the things that he had seen.
他谈到了他看到的人和事。
(4)关系代词作表语时，只能用that, that能指人、指物，但往往被省略。
• He’s changed. He is not the man (that) he was.
他变了，他不是以前的那个人了。
(5)当定语从句为there be结构时，在从句作主语的关系代词只能是that, that常可
省略。
• He is supposed to be a gifted composer that there has ever been.
他被认为是一位天才的作曲家。
(6)当先行词为those或all指示人，通常用who。
• Those who are in favor of the proposal please raise your hands.
赞成提案者请举手。
• He commands the respect of all who know him well.
所有了解他的人都对他非常尊敬。
(7)当先行词特指意义较强时通常用who。
• The man who was killed in the car accident yesterday was his brother.
昨天在车祸中死去的那个人是他的兄弟。
(8)当先行词是who时，而且后面跟定语从句时，只能用that。
• Who that had been there for but a few hours could ever forget?
只要在那儿呆过几小时的人有谁能忘记呢?
(9)在限制性定语从句中，有时为了明确所指对象避免歧义，必须根据句子的意
思来选择关系代词。如果指人的先行词被其他成分隔开时，通常用who。
• There is only one student in the school who I must see.
这个学校里只有一个学生我必须见到。
• She is the only person in the office who knows about the matter.
她是办公室里唯一知道这件事的人。
(10)在正式文体中，人称代词he可以用作先行词表示类指，但复数人称代词they
则不能。此外，he后面的定语从句中的引导词可以是who或that。
• He who/that breaks this law deserves fine.违反本法者应予罚款。
▪ that与 which的用法比较:
(1) which和that用于事物，可以互换使用；which作主语时，比that更正式。
• This is the novel which/ that caused a great sensation.
这就是曾引起巨大轰动的那部小说。
(2)当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, something, little, much, a few 等不
定代词时，用that而不用which。
• That’s all that I can do for you.这就是我能为你所做的一切。
• There’s no much that can be done now.现在没有很多可做的了。
• All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。
(3)先行词有形容词最高级形式、序数词、限定词(some, any, no, every, little few,
much, all等)或only, very等词修饰时，通常用that。
• This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen.
这是我看过的最激动人心的影片。
• She picked up all the apples that had fallen from the tree.
她把树上掉下来的苹果都捡了起来。
(4)在“the same...as”结构中，关系代词that可以代替as，而不能用which。
• You have made the same mistake that you made last time.
你犯了和你上次所犯同样的错误。
(5)在“it is...”强调结构中，that作主语时近似关系代词，不可用which。
• It is the deed that is important, not the words.重要的是行,而不是言。
• It is Jack that makes the decisions here.在这里做出决定的是杰克。
(6)先行词为that时，只能用 which。
• I use the word not in the present depreciatory sense, but in that which was
held in the nineteenth century.
我用这个词不是用它当今的贬义，而是取其19世纪的意义。
(7)当关系代词在从句中作表语时，只能用that。
• Computers are not the all-purpose instruments that some people say they are.
计算机并不是有些人所说的那种万能工具。
(8)当定语从句为“there be”结构时，作从句主语的关系代词只能用that, that常
可省略。
• I know the difference that there is between you.
我知道你们之间存在的分歧。
第四十七单元