【故事复现】惊险的老式汽车比赛
• Step 1: Listen and answer the question.
第一步：听Freya慢速朗读的故事，回答下列问题。
Question: How fast did the winning car go?
问题：赢得胜利的车子跑得多快？
Answer: Forty miles an hour.
• 词汇准备
• sound 声音
• excitement 激动，兴奋
• handsome 漂亮的;美观的
• Benz 奔驰
• wheel 轮子
• explosion 爆炸，轰响
• course 跑道;行程
• rival 对手
• speed 疾驶
• downhill 下坡
• Step 2: Intensive reading.
第二步：故事精读。
Once a year, a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this race last year and
there was a great deal of excitement just before it began.
旧式汽车的比赛每年举行一次。去年有很多汽车参加了这项比赛。比赛开始之
前，人们异常激动。
One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost.
最漂亮的汽车之一是劳斯莱斯生产的银鬼汽车。
The most unusual car was a Benz which only had three wheels. Built in 1885, it was
the oldest car taking part.
而最不寻常的一辆则要属只有3只轮子的奔驰牌汽车了。该车造于1885年，是参
赛车中最老的一辆。
After a great many loud explosions, the race began. Many of the cars broke down on
the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them!
在好一阵喧闹的爆炸声之后，比赛开始了。很多汽车在途中就抛了锚，而有些
驾驶员花在汽车底下的时间比坐在汽车里面的时间还长。
A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty
miles an hour — much faster than any of its rivals.
然而还是有几辆汽车跑完了全程。获胜的那辆车达到了时速40英里——远远超
过任何对手。
It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop
it.
它在接近终点时，冲下了山坡，驾驶员费了好大劲才把车停下来。
The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern
car races but no less exciting.
这次比赛使每个人都挺开心。它虽然与现代汽车比赛大不相同，但激动人心的
程度并不亚于现代化汽车大赛。
• Step 3: Listen again and answer the questions.
第三步：再听一遍，回答下列问题。
1 Did a lot of old cars enter for the race or not? How often is it held? (which)
2 What could be heard when they set off? Did many cars break down during the
race or not? Did a few manage to complete the course or not? (and though)
3 Did the winning car go downhill quickly or slowly? When did its driver have a lot
of difficulty trying to stop it? (so quickly ... that)
Answer: A lot of old cars entered for the race which is held once a year. A
great many loud explosions could be heard when they set off and though many
cars broke down during the race, a few managed to complete the course. The
winning car went downhill so quickly that its driver had a lot of difficulty
trying to stop it.
• Exercise: Sentence structure and vocabulary.
课外练习：句型及词汇训练。
1. What was unusual about the car race?
(a) The Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost
(b)The Benz which was built in1885.
(c)All the cars were old.
(d) There were many loud explosions
2 A lot of cars took part in the race_________.
(a) but only a few completed the course
(b) and they all completed the course
(c)and most of them completed the course
(d) but only one of them completed the course
3 A lot of cars entered for this race. There were _______ cars in it.
(a) much
(b) lot of
(c)lots of
(d)plenty
4 ________in 1885, so it was the oldest car in the race.
(a)It built
(b)Built
(c)It was built
(d)Having built
5 It was the oldest car taking part. There wasn't _______ one.
(a)an older
(b)the oldest
(c)an elder
(d) the eldest
6 It reached a speed of forty miles an hour. It ________forty miles an hour.
(a)ran
(b)ran with
(c)went at
(d) drove with
7 It was different from modern cars. It wasn't _______modern cars.
(a)the same as
(b)the same with
(c)same with
(d) same as
8 One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce. It was a _______ car.
(a)pretty
(b)beautiful
(c)seemly
(d) nice
9 The most unusual car was a Benz. It wasn't a _______car.
(a)used
(b)common
(c)vulgar
(d)accustomed
10 There were many loud explosions. There were many loud ________.
(a)knocks
(b)hits
(c)bangs
(d) thumps
11 Many of the cars broke down. They ________.
(a)were in pieces
(b)were broken up
(c)couldn't go
(d)were spoilt
12 It went faster than any of its rivals. It went faster than its ________.
(a)opponents
(b)enemies
(c)competitors
(d)partners
Key: 1c 2a 3c 4c 5a 6c 7a 8b 9b 10c 11c 12c
第四十五单元【语法点拨】
限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句分。限制性定语从句对被修饰
的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确。限制性定语从句不
能被省略，否则句意就不完整。
• He has found the dictionary(that) he lost two days ago.
他找到了他两天前丢失的那本字典。
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其做一些附加说明，
不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。
• The house, which I bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
▶ 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
▪ 限制性定语从句紧接其先行词，其间没有逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与
先行词之间通常用逗号隔开。
• This is the apartment which we bought last summer.
这就是我们去年夏天买的那幢住宅。(限制性定语从句)
• The apartment, which we bought last summer, is very cozy.
这幢住宅很舒适,是我们去年夏天买的。(非限制性定语从句)
▪ 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它，主句意思往往不明确;
非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意
思。试比较:
• She has two daughters who are college students in Beijing.
她有两个在北京读大学的女儿。(言外之意她还有别的女儿。)
• She has two daughters, who are college students in Beijing.
她有两个女儿,她们在北京读大学。(此句的含义是:她只有两个女儿。)
▪ 当先行词是专有名词或被形容词性物主代词和指示代词修饰时，其后的定
语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。
• Rola, who has six children, has never gone to college.
罗拉有六个孩子,她从来未上过大学(Rola为人名专有名词)
• My house, which I bought last year, has a beautiful garden.
我去年买的那幢房子带有一个美丽的花园。(My为形容词性物主代词)
• This novel, which I have read three times, is very moving.
这部小说很感人，我已经看了三遍。(This为指示代词)
▪ 非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、短语、另一从句或整个句子(又称
先行句)。当对先行句进行修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
• The sun gives the earth light and heat, which makes plants grow.
太阳给地球光和热，这使得植物能够生长。
▪ 非限制性定语从句在语义上有时相当于一个并列句，有时相当于一个状语
从句，表示原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等意义。
• She married Joe, which (=and this/that) surprised everybody.
她嫁给了乔，这使大家感到意外。
将关系代词 which改成 and this或 and that，就成了并列句
• Last year she had a stroke, which seriously affected her health.
去年她患了中风，结果严重影响了她的健康。(结果)
• The boy, who is only 16 years of age, is determined to be a mathematician.
那个男孩虽然只有16岁，但他决心当数学家。(让步)
注：非限制性定语从句不能由that, but或why来引导，关系代词或关系副词也不
能省略。
第四十六单元