【故事复现】令人头痛的明信片！
• Step 1: Listen and answer the question.
第一步：听 Freya 慢速朗读的故事，回答下列问题。
Question: How many cards did the writer send?
问题：故事的作者一共寄出多少张明信片？
• 词汇准备
send 寄，送
postcard 明信片
spoil 使索然无味，损坏
museum 博物馆
public 公共的
friendly 友好的
waiter 服务员，招待员
lend 借给
decision 决定
whole 整个
single 唯一的，单一的
• Step 2: Intensive reading.
第二步：故事精读。
Postcards always spoil my holidays.
明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。
Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens.
去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。
A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book.
一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。
I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word.
我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。
Every day I thought about postcards.
我每天都想着明信片的事。
My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends.
假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。
On the last day I made a big decision.
到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。
I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards.
我早早起了床，买来了 37 张明信片。
I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成!
• Step 3: Listen again and answer the questions.
第三步：再听一遍，回答下列问题。
1.Do postcards always spoil the writer's holidays or not?
2.Where did he spend his holidays last summer?
3.What did he think about every day?
4.Did he send any cards to his friends or not?
5.How many cards did he buy on the last day?
6.Where did he stay all day?
7.Did he write any cards or not?
Answer: Postcards always spoil the writer's holidays. He spent his holidays in Italy
last summer. He thought about postcards every day. He did not send any cards to his
friends. He bought thirty-seven cards on the last day. He stayed in his room all day.
He did not write any cards.
• Step 4: Sentence structure and vocabulary.
第四步：句型及词汇训练。
1.Last summer he went to Italy. He was Italy last summer.
A.at B.to C.in D.on
2. him a few words of Italian? The waiter.
A.Who taught B.Who did teach C.What did he teach D.Whom did he teach
3. He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer .
A.friend B.as friends C.like friends D.in a friendly way
4. The writer a few lines, but he didn't understand a word.
A.reads B.read C.red D.reading
5. He spent the whole day in the room. He was in his room day.
A.the hole B.the all C.all D.all of
6. A waiter usually works in a .
A.public garden B.shop C.restaurant D.private house
7. The waiter lent him a book. He a book from the waiter.
A.lent B.borrowed C.took D.stole
8. On the last day he made a big decision. It was the day of his holiday.
A.final B.end C.latest D.bottom
9. He made a big decision. He .
A.thought about it B.made up his mind
C.changed his mind D.made a wish
10. He didn't write a single card. So he .
A.wroten only one B.didn't write even one
C.wrote just one D.wrote all the cards except one
Key: 1 c 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 c 6 c 7 b 8 a 9 b 10 b
【语法点拨】被动语态和系表结构的区别
被动语态和系表结构都由 be+过去分词构成，所以在运用时应注意它们的区别。被动
语态表示以主语为承受者的动作，系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。并非所有
动词的过去分词都可以作表语。在表示主语所处的状态或特点时，只有那些形容词特
征显著的过去分词才能作表语。
以下是一些具有形容词特征的过去分词：
amused 觉得有趣的 astonished 惊愕的 broken 坏了的
closed 关着的 completed 完成的 confused 迷惑的
crowded 拥挤的 delighted 高兴的 divorced 离了婚的
drunk 喝醉的 educated 受过教育的 excited 兴奋的
finished 完成的 frightened 害怕的 injured 受伤的
interested 感兴趣的 known 出名的 married 已婚的
satisfied 满意的 shut 关闭的 surprised 惊讶的
retired 退休的 worried 担心的 wounded 受伤的
可以通过以下几种情况来判断句子是被动语态，还是系表结构。
• 根据状语来区别被动语态和系表结构
◦ 有时间状语和方式状语的，一般为被动语态，反之则为系表结构
▪ The bank is closed at 5:30 p.m.
银行下午 5 点办关门。（表动作，有时间状语，为被动语态）
▪ The bank is closed.
银行关门了。（表状态，是系表结构）
▪ The report was written with great care.
那篇报告是非常用心地写出来的。（有方式状语，是被动语态）
▪ The report is well written.
那篇报告写得好。（表特点，是系表结构）
• 根据句末是否有 by+名词/代词结构来判断
◦ 句末有 by+名词/代词时，句子为被动语态。其中的名词或代词就是被动句中
动作的执行者。反之，系表结构中不能跟 by+名词/代词，但可以与其他介词
短语连用
▪ The problem was settled by the engineer.
这个难题被这位工程师解决了。（被动语态）
▪ He was surprised by the noise.
他被吵闹声惊到了。（被动语态）
▪ Mary was much amused by the story.
玛丽被那个故事逗乐了。（被动语态）
▪ I am interested in the story.
我对这个故事很感兴趣。（系表结构）
• 根据时态来区别被动语态和系表结构
◦ 如果是被动语态的句子，它的时态一般要与它相应的主动语态的句子一致
（即主动语态和被动语态互换时，保持原来的时态不变）。如果句子是系表
结构，就不需要考虑时态是否一致。
▪ The bowl is broken.
这只碗是破的。（一般现在时的系表结构）
▪ The bowl was broken by Allen.
碗被艾伦打破了。（一般过去时的被动语态）
▪ Allen broke the bowl.
艾伦把碗打破了。（一般过去时的主动语态）
◦ 一般情况下，系表结构只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于其他时
态。而被动语态除了不用于完成进行时和将来进行时态外，可用于其他任何
时态。
▪ A new building is being built in our city.
我们的城市正在盖一座新大楼。（进行时态，被动语态）
▪ The flowers will be planted next week.
下周种花。（将来时态，被动语态）
• 根据动词种类来区别被动语态和系表结构
◦ 不及物动词没有被动语态，除非它后面跟介词或副词，所以 be+不及物动词的
过去分词，一般不是被动语态，而是系表结构
▪ 表示状态的动词
▫ be gone 消失了 be returned 回来了
▫ be risen 升起了 be retired 退休了
▫ be fallen 落下了
◦ Our little dog is returned.
我们的小狗回来了。
◦ The moon is risen.
月亮升起来了。
▪ 表示智力活动结果的词
▫ be known 有名的
▫ be learned 有学问的
▫ be educated 受过教育的
▫ be mistaken 弄错的
▪ 表示心情、感觉的动词
▫ be ashamed 觉得惭愧
▫ be astonished 觉得惊讶
▫ be interested 有兴趣的
▫ be excited 兴奋的
◦ You should be ashamed.你应该觉得羞愧。
◦ Why are you so pleased?你为什么这么高兴？
◦ 大部分及物动词都有被动语态，所以 be+及物动词的过去分词一般不表示系表
结构，而是被动语态
▪ be admired 受到崇拜
▪ be encouraged 受到鼓舞
▪ be loved 被喜爱
▪ be praised 受到表扬
▫ He was admired by his soldiers.
他受到了士兵的崇拜。
▫ He was praised by his English teacher.
他受到了英语老师的表扬。
• 第三课
【文化常识】《阿甘正传》
Forrest Gump
《阿甘正传》
Forrest Gump, on the basis of the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom, is a 1994
American romantic-comedy-drama film. The story depicts several decades in the life of
Forrest Gump, a slow-witted and naive, but good-hearted and athletically prodigious man
from Alabama who witnesses, and in some cases influences, some of the defining events of
the latter half of the 20th century in the United States. More specifically , the period between
Forrest's birth in 1944 and 1982.
《阿甘正传》是 1994 年上映的一部美国爱情、喜剧、剧情电影，改编自 1986 年温斯
特·格鲁姆的同名小说。电影描绘了阿甘几十年来的生活，这个呆头呆脑但淳朴善良、
运动细胞发达的阿拉巴马人，目睹甚至亲身经历并影响了 20 世纪后半时期美国历史上
的重要事件，尤其是阿甘生活的 1944 年到 1982 年间。
In the film, Forrest teaches Elvis Presley to dance, becomes a football star, meets John F.
Kennedy, serves with honor in Vietnam, speaks at an anti-war rally at the Washington
Monument, hangs out with the Yuppies, defeats the Chinese national team in table tennis,
meets Richard Nixon, discovers the break-in at the Watergate, opens a profitable shrimping
business, becomes an original investor in Apple computers, and to run back and forth across
the country for several years. After experiencing some of the most significant events in
American history, all he really wants is to be with the woman he loves, Jenny.
电影中，阿甘教“猫王”跳舞，成为橄榄球明星，受到肯尼迪的接见，参加越战获得荣
誉勋章，在华盛顿纪念碑前发表反战演说，结交雅皮士，击败中国乒乓球国家队，见
到尼克松总统并撞破了水门事件，做利润丰厚的捕虾生意，最早为苹果电脑投资，并
用几年时间在全国做往返跑。然而，经历了这么多美国历史事件之后，他真正想要做
的还是和他最爱的女人珍妮在一起。
Just like the famous sayings in the movie: "Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know
what you're gonna get." In face of the sudden change in life, fortunate or unfortunate, how
many people could always keep the inner peace and pursue for the first dream like Forrest?
正如电影中那句著名的台词所说：“生活就像一盒巧克力，你永远不知道你将得到什么
口味。”面对生活中那些突如其来的变化，无论是幸运还是不幸，又有多少人能像阿甘
那样保持内心的宁静，不忘初心呢？
第四单元