【故事复现】一架古老而珍贵的钢琴（上）
• Step 1: Listen and answer the question.
第一步：听Freya慢速朗读的故事，回答下列问题。
Question: What happened to the clavichord?
问题：这架古琴怎么了？
词汇准备
• jazz 爵士音乐
• musical 音乐的
• instrument 乐器
• clavichord 古钢琴
• recently 最近
• damage 损坏
• key 琴键
• string (乐器的)弦
• shock 使不悦或生气，震惊
• allow 允许，让
• touch 触摸
• Step 2: Intensive reading.
第二步：故事精读。
We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in
Germany in 1681.
我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。
Our clavichord is kept in the living room.
我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。
It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my
grandfather many years ago.
我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，是我祖父在很多年以前买的。
Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it!
可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。
She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.
她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。
My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by
a friend of my father’s.
我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一位朋友正在修理这件乐器。
第二十一单元第二课
【故事复现】一架古老而珍贵的钢琴（下）
• Step 3: Listen again and answer the questions.
第三步：再听一遍，回答下列问题。
1 Do we own an old clavichord, or do we own a new piano?
2 When was it made?
3 Who bought the instrument many years ago?
4 Who damaged it recently?
5 What did she try to do?
6 What did she break?
7 Who is repairing it now?
Answer: We own an old clavichord. It was made in 1681. My grandfather
bought the instrument many years ago. A visitor damaged it recently. She
tried to play jazz on it! She broke two strings. A friend of my father’s is
repairing it now.
• Exercise: Sentence structure and vocabulary.
课外练习：句型及词汇训练。
1 The old musical instrument _________.
(a) has been in the family for a long time
(c)was sold recently
(b)was bought recently
(d) was repaired recently
2 How did the visitor damage the clavichord?
(a)She played jazz on it.
(c)She cut the strings.
(b)She played it.
(d)She hit the keys too hard.
3 Our clavichord is kept in the living room. That's where we ______ it.
(a)kept
(b)have kept
(c)are keeping
(d)keep
4 It has belonged to our family for years. It's the ________.
(a)families
(b)families'
(c) family's
(d) familys'
5 The family have had the clavichord _______ many years.
(a)since
(b)for
(c)from
(d)by
6 Who ______ it? Grandfather did.
(a)buy
(b)was bought
(c)bought
(d)did buy
7 We are not allowed to touch it. We ______ touch it.
(a)mustn't
(b)mustn't to
(c) haven't to
(d) don't have to
8 What's it ______? A clavichord.
(a)told
(b)said
(c)called
(d)spoken
9 It's kept in the living room. That's where we ______ it.
(a)have
(b)hold
(c)lift
(d)carry
10 The visitor damaged it. She ______ it.
(a)hurt
(b)pained
(c)broke
(d)destroyed
11 Recently it was damaged. She damaged it ______.
(a)late
(b)lastly
(c)lately
(d)finally
12 A friend of my father's is ______ the clavichord.
(a)mending
(b)making
(c)doing
(d)building
Key: 1a 2d 3d 4c 5b 6c 7a 8c 9a 10c 11c 12a
第二十一单元
常用介词的用法（中）
▶ 表示相关的介词:
表示相关的介词有：about, of, on, as for, as to等。
一般说来, about用于比较随便的谈话或非正式的文体；on用于正式的讲话，用
在著作或报告中；of用于动词hear, know, read, speak, talk等的后面，表示关于某
人或某事物的存在。about所表示的关系，比of所表示的要详细些，将about置于
上列动词后，则表示关于某人某事物的详情。
• This book is about Einstein.这本书是谈爱因斯坦的。
• I don’t know about that matter.我不知道那件事。
• A book on grammar 一本语法书
• A long story of adventure一个很长的冒险故事
• I know of no such thing.我没听说过这种事情。
• I have read of the accident in the newspapers.
我在报上获悉这场意外事故。
• We talked of the good old times.我们谈论了过去的美好时光。
▶ 表示原因的介词
表示原因的介词有：at, for, from, of, on/upon, through, with, due to, out of, thanks
to, for fear of, owing to, because of等。
(1)at多用来表示感情上的原因，常和表示一定感情的词连用。
• I’m much pleased at your arrival.你来了我非常高兴。
• He is angry at being delayed.他被耽误了，所以感到生气。
• People wondered at his skill.人们惊叹他的技艺。
(2)for常表示褒贬、奖惩的原因或内在的、心理的原因。
• He didn’t answer for fear of hurting her feelings.
他没回答是怕伤她的感情。
• They sang and danced for joy.他们高兴得又唱又跳。
• They will reward you for your help.你帮了他们，他们会奖赏你的。
(3)from指自然的或直接的原因。
• I’m tired from work.我因工作而累了。
• Do you often suffer from headache? 你常头疼吗?
• The old man died from the cold in the winter.
那位老人因为冬天的寒冷而死。
注: die from表示“因……而死亡”的意思，常指除了疾病、情感等以外的原因造
成的死亡。其后常跟cold, hunger, pollution, overwork, accident, wound, drinking
too much, habit, smoking等一类表示外部原因或灾祸方面的名词。但有时也可以
用来指由于疾病的原因而造成的死亡，只是 die of比die from更常见。
• She died from lack of oxygen.她因缺氧而死。
• Tom died from drinking too much brandy.汤姆喝白兰地过度而死。
• The beggar died from hunger and cold.那乞丐因饥寒而死。
die of常常指由于疾病、年老、情感等原因造成的死亡，意为“因……而死”,后常
跟fever, illness, hunger, thirst, anger, despair, sadness, disappointment, grief等一类
表示内部原因或情感方面的名词。
• He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
• Finally she died of grief.最终她在悲痛中离开人世。
(4) through表示消极的、偶然的、意外的原因和理由。
• He lost his job through his carelessness.由于粗心大意，他丢了工作。
• He broke down through overwork.他身体因过度劳累垮了。
(5)of常用来表示情绪上的原因，因此常与glad, fond, proud, shamed, tired等形容
词连用。
• We’re proud of being Chinese.我们因是中国人而感到骄傲
• Don’t get tired of life you are still young.不要厌倦生活，你还年轻。
• He is very fond of playing basketball.他非常喜欢打篮球。
(6)on/upon(表示为某事物的基础、根据或理由)所表示的原因与条件直接相关。
• The story is based on the fact.这个故事以事实为依据。
• On your advice, I applied for the job.我听从你的建议申请了这份工作。
• He called to see me on business. 他因公事来看我。
(7)with多用来表示由外界刺激引起的生理或心理的原因。
• Her fingers were red with cold.她的手指冻得发红了。
• The old man was bent with age.这老人年龄大了，腰弯了。
• His face turned red with anger.他因生气而脸红。
(8)by“因(某事物)所致；由于；凭借”，通常用来表示由什么方式产生的。
• I met her quite by chance/accident.我遇见她完全是偶然的。
• He got ill by drinking too much yesterday.昨天由于酒喝得太多，他病了。
(9)in“因为,由于”。
• He cried in pain.他因疼痛而哭了。
还有 due to, owing to, thanks to, because of, on account of五个成语介词表示“因
为”“由于”，但它们在用法上有区别。
(10) because of用在句首或句子后面，表示直接原因。
• Because of the heavy rain, the sports meeting has been put off.
因为大雨，运动会已推迟。
• I came late because of the traffic jam.由于交通阻塞我来晚了。
• He walked slowly because of his bad leg.他走得慢是因为腿有毛病。
(11) due to“因为;由……引起;由于”，常用作定语或表语，在英国惯用法中, due
to作状语被认为是不正确的，尽管在美国英语中有人 due to用作状语。
• Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences.
粗心大意造成的错误会有严重的后果。
• The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.
该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
• Her failure in the speech contest was due to her nervousness.
她在演讲比赛中失利，原因是她太紧张了。
(12)owing to=because of, on account of “由于;因为”。
• Owing to the rain, the meeting has to be put off. 会议因雨而推迟了。
• I couldn’t attend the meeting owing to illness.我因病不能出席会议。
注：owing to在句中作状语,不作表语,但与because of的用法有些差别。一般说
来,owing to只引导一个修饰全句的状语,而because of引导的状语可修饰句子中的
一部分。
• You mustn’t punish the child because of such a small mistake.
你千万不要因为这样一个小错误而惩罚孩子。
(13)thanks to“由于，因为；幸亏，多亏”，常位于句首，表示感谢或讽刺意味。
• Thanks to your help, we finished the work ahead of time.
多亏你的帮助，我们提前完成了任务。
• Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been put off.
多亏这倒霉的天气，比赛推迟了。
(14)out of表示动机的起因，常译为“由于，出于”。
• He did it out of concern for everyone.他这样做是出于对大家的关心。
• Out of joy she waved.出于高兴，她挥了挥手。
• Children often ask questions out of curiosity.儿童常常因好奇而发问。
• She did it out of jealousy.她这样做是出于嫉妒。
第二十二单元