第四十九单元
【对话场景】请勿在景区乱扔垃圾
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.
我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老小镇上。
It is a famous beauty spot.
这是一个著名的风景胜地。
On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town
每逢星期天，有许许多多的人从城里来参观我们的小镇，
and to walk through the woods.
并在树林中散步。
Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.
游客已被告知要保持树林的干净整洁。
Litter-baskets have been placed under the trees, but people
still throw their rubbish everywhere.
树下都已设置了废物筐，但是人们仍然到处扔垃圾。
Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad.
上星期三，我到树林里去散步。我所见到的一切使我非常难过。
I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators.
我数了一下，有 7 辆旧汽车和三个旧冰箱。
The litter-baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of
paper, cigarette-ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins.
废物筐是空的，而满地都是纸片、烟头、旧轮胎、空瓶子和生锈的空罐头盒。
Among the rubbish I found a sign which said: Anyone who leaves litter in
these woods will be prosecuted!
在垃圾堆中我发现了一块牌子，上面写着：“凡在此树林里丢垃圾者，将依法处
置。”
• keep 的用法
◦ keep 作及物动词意为“（暂时）保管、存放、保存、保留”“遵守诺言、法
律、条规”“保守秘密”，有时意为“借”,如果是宾语+宾语补足语，意为
“使某人一直保持某种状态”
▪ 作及物动词
▫ Please keep the dictionary well.请好好保管这本词典。
▫ He is a man who always keeps his words.他是一个说话算数的人。
▫ Keep the change.不用找零钱了。
▫ He kept me thinking when I was doing my work.他让我在工作的
时候保持思考的状态。
▪ 作不及物动词
▫ Please keep quiet.请保持安静。
▫ Will banana keep in hot weather?香蕉在热天不会坏吗？
▫ The children kept asking me questions.孩子们一直问我问题。
▫ Sorry to interrupt, but this problem won't keep.抱歉打扰了，但是
这个问题不能再拖了。
▪ keep+动词 ing 形式或 keep on+动词 ing 形式，意为“一直做某
事”“反复做某事”
▫ The old lady keeps on standing there still.
老太太站在那里，一动不动。
◦ keep in touch 表示“保持联系”
▪ He keeps in touch with us wherever he goes.他不论去哪里，都会与
我们保持联系。
• cover 的用法
◦ cover 的基本意思是“覆盖、遮盖”，既可以表示无意地将某物放在另一个物
体的上面，又可以表示有意隐藏、遮掩。有时还可以表示“包括、包含”等
意思。
▪ cover 作动词可引申表示“走完(一段路程)”“够付(费用)”“(大炮、堡
垒等的)射程能达到”“能控制”“用枪对准(某人)”。
▫ Snow covered the ground.积雪覆盖了大地。
▫ He tried to cover his mistakes.他设法掩饰自己的错误。
▫ The talks are expected to cover other topics too.会谈估计还会涉
及别的问题。
▫ The dictionary's articles cover a wide range of topics.这本字典的
文章包含各种各样的话题。
▪ cover 作名词基本意思是“盖子”“套子”“覆盖物”,指某具体事物的
掩蔽物或外套,引申还可指书等的“封皮”“封面”，是可数名词。
▫ The front cover of the novel has been torn off.这本小说的封面已
被撕掉。
▫ I can't make the cover of the tin fit on.我无法把这罐头的盖子盖
上。
▪ cover 也可作“隐藏物”“躲避处”解,是把事物隐藏起来以确保安全的
保护物,它既可指野生动物找到的树丛等天然的躲避处,也可指阻挡袭击的
物体、房屋等,引申可表示“幌子”“伪装”,指隐瞒非法事物、秘密等的
手段或指虚假的身份; 也可表示为“掩蔽”“掩护”，作此解时只用作单
数形式。
▫ A bush makes good cover for animals to hide.
灌木丛是动物们良好的隐蔽之处。
• His business was a cover for drug dealing.
他的生意是为了掩饰毒品交易。
• prosecute 的用法
◦ 基本意思指对某人由于做错了某事或违反法律而提起诉讼。引申义为“执
行、履行”。prosecute 可用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词。
prosecute 的过去式和过去分词为 prosecuted，现在分词为 prosecuting.
▪ prosecute 作及物动词，常用于被动语态
▫ You could be prosecuted for theft.你会因为盗窃罪被起诉。
▫ He was prosecuted for murder.他被指控谋杀。
▫ The editor was prosecuted for a big mistake in his publications.
那位编辑因为他的出版物中出现了严重错误被起诉。
• 同义词
◦ sue 指为某事正式向法院提出诉讼或打官司，常用于要求经济赔偿的诉讼。常
用结构：sue sb. for sth.
▪ She decided to sue the manager for sexual harassment.
她决定起诉经理性骚扰。
• I will sue him for defamation if he doesn't apologize.
如果他不道歉，我会起诉他诽谤。
• litigate 是一个法律术语，意思是“控告、起诉、打官司”
◦ On this matter, you'd better mediate than litigate.
在这件事情上，你们最好是调解，而不是上法庭打官司。
• Both parties agreed to settle their claim out of court rather than litigate.
双方均同意庭外和解，不提起诉讼。
第二课
【语法点拨】被动语态与时态
• 一般现在时的被动语态
一般现在时态被动句中的 be 动词变化，应按被动句中新主语的人称和数的变化。
被动句的时态应与主动句的时态保持一致，
◦ （主动句）Helen tidies up her room every day.
海伦每天都整理她的房间。
◦ （被动句）Helen's room is tidied up by Helen every day.
海伦的房间每天被她自己整理。
◦ （否定句）Helen's room isn't tidied up every day.
海伦的房间并不是每天都会被整理。
◦ （疑问句）A: Is Helen's room tidied up every day？
B: Yes, it is./No, it isn't.
• 一般过去时的被动语态
◦ （主动句）The workers made the printer I bought yesterday last month.
我昨天买的那台打印机是工人们上个月生产的。
◦ （被动句）The printer I bought yesterday was made by the workers
last month.
我昨天买的那台打印机是由工人们上个月生产的。
◦ （否定句）The printer I bought yesterday wasn't made by the workers
last month.
我昨天买的那台打印机不是由工人们上个月生产的。
• 一般将来时的被动语态
◦ （主动句）A repairman will repair his car tomorrow morning.
一个修理工明天上午将会来修理他的汽车。
◦ （被动句）His car will be repaired by a repairman tomorrow morning.
他的汽车明天上午将会被一个修理工修理。
◦ （否定句）His car will not/won't be repaired tomorrow morning by a
repairman.
他的汽车明天上午不会被一个修理工修理。
• 现在进行时的被动语态
进行时的被动语态谓语部分与一般时态的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为
“be+being+过去分词”。be 动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保
持一致，采用现在进行时。
• （主动句）The teacher is telling a story now.
老师正在讲一个故事。
• （被动句）The story is being told by the teacher now.
这个故事正在被老师讲。
• （否定句）The story is not being told by the teacher now.
这个故事没有正在被老师讲。
• 现在完成时的被动语态
◦ （主动句）An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.
一个未知的病毒刚刚入侵了我的电脑。
• （被动句）My computer has just been attacked by an unknown virus.
我的电脑刚刚被一个不知名的病毒入侵了。
• （否定句）My computer hasn't been attacked by an unknown virus.
我的电脑没有被不知名的病毒入侵。
第三课
【单词串烧】
• surround [sə'raund] v.包围
• wood [wud] n.树林
• beauty spot 风景点
• hundred ['hʌndrid] n.百
• city ['siti] n.城市
• through [θru:] prep.穿过
• visitor ['vizitə] n.参观者，游客，来访者
• tidy ['taidi] a.整齐的
• litter ['litə] n.杂乱的东西
• litter-basket 废物筐
• place [pleis] v.放
• throw [θrəu] v.扔，抛
• rubbish ['rʌbiʃ] n.垃圾
• count [kaunt] v.数，点
• cover ['kʌvə] v.覆盖
• piece [pi:s] n.碎片
• tyre ['taiə] n.轮胎
• rusty ['rʌsti] a.生锈的
• among [ə'mʌŋ] prep.在…之间
• prosecute ['prɔsikju:t] v.依法处置