【故事复现】现实很骨感
• Step 1: Listen and answer the question.
第一步：听Freya慢速朗读的故事，回答下列问题。
Question: Why did Harrison sell his house so quickly?
问题：为什么哈里森这么快就卖掉了自己的房子？
• 词汇准备
• except 除了
• Mediterranean 地中海
• complain 抱怨
• continually 不断地
• bitterly 刺骨地
• sunshine 阳光
• Step 2: Intensive reading.
第二步：故事精读。
My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he
returned to England.
我的老朋友哈里森在回到英国以前曾多年居住在地中海地区。
He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the
country.
过去他常幻想退休后到英国，并计划在乡间安顿下来。
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there.
他刚一回到英国便买下了一栋房子住了进去。
Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it
was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.
但紧接着他就开始抱怨那里的天气了。因为即使那时仍为夏季，但雨总是下
个不停，而且常常冷得厉害。
After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never
lived in England before.
在阳光下生活了那么多年的哈里森对此感到惊奇。他的举动就好像他从未在
英国生活过一样。
In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down
when he sold the house and left the country.
最后，他再也忍受不住，还没等安顿下来就卖掉了房子，离开了这个国家。
The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of
everything except the weather.
他多年来的幻想从此破灭。哈里森把每件事情都考虑到了，唯独没想到天
气。
• Step 3: Listen again and answer the questions.
第三步：再听一遍，回答下列问题。
1 Where had the writer's friend, Harrison, spent many years? What did he want to
do? What did he buy?
2 Was the summer that year very good, or was it very bad? What did he complain
about? (and)
3 Did Harrison sell the house in the end or not? Did he leave the country or not?
(Harrison not only... but also)
Answer: The writer’s friend, Harrison, had spent many years in the
Mediterranean, but he wanted to retire in England so he bought a house in the
country. The summer that year was very bad and he complained about the
weather. In the end Harrison not only sold the house but also left the country.
• Exercise: Sentence structure and vocabulary.
课外练习：句型及词汇训练。
1 What was Harrison looking forward to doing?
(a)Complaining about the weather.
(b)Spending his old age in England.
(c)Buying a house somewhere.
(d)Living in the Mediterranean.
2 Harrison probably couldn't stand the English climate because________.
(a) it never stopped raining
(b)it was always cold
(c)he had spent so long in the Mediterranean, he had forgotten what it was like
(d) he had never lived in England before
3 Harrison had made plans ________ he returned to England.
(a)before
(b)when
(c)as soon as
(d)after
4 He acted _______ he had never lived in England before.
(a)as though
(b)like
(c)as
(d) even if
5 It was more than he could bear. He couldn't bear it _______.
(a)more
(b)longer
(c)any longer
(d)no more
6 He had hardly had time to settle down ________he sold the house and left the
country.
(a)than
(b)when
(c) as soon as
(d)after
7 When did he _______? He left immediately.
(a)live
(b)left
(c)leaves
(d)leave
8 Harrison retired in England. So______ a job.
(a)he was going to get
(b) he had
(c)he would have
(d)he didn't have
9 He wanted to settle down in the country. He wanted to _______.
(a)rest there
(b)live there permanently
(c)live there for a while
(d) go there for a visit
10 It rained continually. It ________.
(a)stopped occasionally
(b)never stopped
(c)hardly rained at all
(d) never rained
11 He ________ as if he had never lived in England before.
(c)conducted
(d) behaved
(a)made
(b)did
12 It was more than he could bear. He couldn't _______it.
(a)suffer
(b)put up
(d)stand
(c)carry
Key: 1b 2c 3a 4a 5c 6b 7d 8d 9b 10a 11d 12d
第三十一单元【语法点拨】
动名词的形式和语法功能
动名词由动词原形加-ing构成，与现在分词同形。动名词具有名词的性质，又
具有动词的某些性质，因此可以带自己的宾语、表语或状语等，在句中作主
语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补语等。动名词有一般式和完成式，有主动式和
被动式，其否定式是在-ing前面加否定词not。
◆ 动词不定式的语法功能
1.作主语：动名词作主语有以下几种类型。
(1)动名词(短语)作主语通常位于句首
• Swimming is a good sport in summer.游泳是夏天一项很好的运动。
• Riding bike can make man smart.骑自行车能使一个人敏捷。
(2)用it作形式主语,把动名词(实际主语)置于句尾作后置主语,常见于“It is no
good/no use/useless/fun/hard work/worthwhile/dangerous”的句型中
• It’s no good writing to him, he never answers letters.
写信给他是没有用的，他从来不回来信。
• It is no use learning without thinking.学而不思则惘。
• It is useless talking all the time.整天空谈没有用处。
• It is wonderful staying here.留在这里实在太好了。
• It’s dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.
刮风日子里在海上游泳是危险的。
(3)用于“There be no doing”结构中
• There is no saying when he’ll come.很难说他何时回来。
• There is no denying the fact.不能否认这个事实。
• There is no telling what will happen.很难知道将来会发生什么事情。
(4)用于警示语形式的省略结构中
• No smoking.禁止吸烟!
• No parking.禁止泊车!
• No spitting!不准随地吐痰!
(5)当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词所有格或物主代
词，构成动名词复合结构，可以在句中作主语
• Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们来帮助对我们是巨大的鼓舞。
2. 作宾语。动名词作介词和某些及物动词宾语,尤其要注意以下几点:
(1)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语，这些动词常见的有:
abandon(放弃), acknowledge(承认), admit(to)(承认), advise, anticipate(预期,期待),
appreciate(感激;欣赏) avoid, confess(to)(承认), consider, delay(耽搁),deny(否认),
discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, facilitate(使容易), fancy(想象), favor,
finish, forbid( 禁 止 ), forgive( 原 谅 , 宽 恕 ),can’t help( 不 禁 , 情 不 自 禁 ), imagine,
involve(包括),mind, miss, pardon, permit(允许), postpone(推迟), practice, prevent,
quit(放弃;停止),recall, recollect(回忆,回想), recommend, report, resent(怨恨), resist,
resume(重新开始),risk, suggest, tolerate(忍), understand等
• Most students enjoy asking questions in English.
多数学生都喜欢用英语提问。
• He studies so hard to avoid finishing at the bottom of the class.
为了不让自己在全班垫底，他刻苦学习。
• Upon being questioned he denied having written the article.
在受到盘问时，他否认写过那篇文章。
(2)在上述动词中, forgive, pardon, tolerate, understand等表示“忍受、理解、原
谅”意义的动词后面必须跟动名词的复合结构
• Please forgive my interrupting.请原谅我打断你的话。
• Pardon my interrupting, but this is an important call.
很抱歉打断您,不过这个电话很重要。
• I will not tolerate your doing that.我不能容许你做那件事。
• I cannot understand his behaving like that.我不能理解他那样的行为。
(3)注意两个近义结构:can’t help doing sth., can’t help but do sth.前者作“情不自
禁”解，必须跟动名词,后者如前所述, 作“不得不,不能不,不免”解,必须接不带
to的不定式
• Whenever I hear the story, I cannot help crying.
每次我听这故事，就忍不住要哭。
• We cannot help but admire his courage.我们不能不钦佩他的勇气。
(4)在某些含有介词的短语动词中，如 look forward to, get used to, accustomed
to(习惯于)等，接动名词作宾语
• I am looking forward to seeing you next week.
我期待着下周见到你。
• The old lady was accustomed to keeping early hours.
那个老妇人习惯了早起。
• You must get used to getting up early.
你必须习惯于早起。
(5)worth后只能跟动名词的主动语态，表示被动意义
• The idea is worth considering.这主意值得考虑。
(6)动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如: have difficulty(in) doing, have no trouble
(in)doing, lose no time (in)doing, prevent/stop...( from)doing, there is no use(in)
doing, to spend time(in)doing等
• I am getting on in years and have difficulty getting about.
我已步入垂老之年，行动多有不便。
• They have trouble finding financial support for their business operations.
他们在为公司运转寻找资金赞助时遇到了一些麻烦。
• They spend most of their time playing poker.
他们大多数时间都在玩牌。
3. 作定语: 动名词作定语是表示它修饰的名词的用途、性质及场合,它和所修饰
的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的动作
或行为和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系(可以扩展为定语从句)
• a sleeping car = a car used for sleeping一节卧车( sleeping此处为动名词，表示
用途，a car和sleeping之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系)
• a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping一个睡着的孩子(sleeping此处为现在
分词, child和sleeping之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系)
• a walking stick = a stick for walking = stick which is used for walking手杖
• a washing machine =a machine for washing= a machine which is used for
washing 洗衣机
• reading room= room for reading= room which is used for reading 阅览室
• sleeping pills= pills for sleeping= pills which are used for sleeping安眠药片
4. 作表语: 动名词作表语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验，或说明主语的内容
作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，这时系动词意为“是”，通常主语和
表语的位置可以互换，但语法和意思不变
• My hobby is collecting stamps.我的爱好是集邮。
• Collecting stamps is my hobby.集邮是我的爱好。
5. 作宾语补语
• We call the process desalting.我们把这个过程成为脱盐(作用)。
6. 作同位语
• My habit, doing some reading at night, remains unchanged.
我养成的在晚上读点书的习惯仍然没有改变。
• I have to give up my only pastime — swimming.
我必须放弃我唯一的消遣——游泳。
第三十二单元