第十八单元 第一课【故事复现】一栋特别的大房子 （上）
• Step 1: Listen and answer the question.
第一步：听Freya慢速朗读的故事，回答下列问题。
Question: Why is the new house special?
问题：为什么这个新房子很特殊？
• 词汇准备
• complete 完成
• modern 新式的，与以往不同的
• strange 奇怪的
• district 地区
• Step 2: Intensive reading.
第二步：故事精读。
I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria.
昨天我收到了姐姐的一封信，她住在尼日利亚。
In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she
will get a surprise.
在信中她说她明年将到英国来。如果她来了，她会感到非常惊奇了。
We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country.
我们现在住在乡间的一栋漂亮的新住宅里。
Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was completed five months ago.
这栋房子在我姐姐离开之前就已动工了，是在5个月以前竣工的。
In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms
and there is a lovely garden.
我在信中告诉她，她可以和我们住在一起。这栋房子里有许多房间，还有一个
漂亮的花园。
It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people. It must be the only
modern house in the district.
它是一栋非常现代化的住宅，因此在有些人看来很古怪。它肯定是这个地区唯
一的一栋现代化住宅。
• Step 3: Listen again and answer the questions.
第三步：再听一遍，回答下列问题。
1 What will your sister do next year?
2 Will she get a surprise if she comes or not?
3 Have you a new house in the country or not?
4 Have you invited your sister to stay with you or not?
5 Is it a very modern house, or is it an old house?
6 Has it got many large rooms and a lovely garden or not?
Answer: My sister will come to England next year. She will get a surprise if
she comes. We have a new house in the country. I have invited my sister to
stay with us. It is a very modern house. It has got many large rooms and a
lovely garden.
• Exercise: Sentence structure and vocabulary.
课外练习：句型及词汇训练。
1 The writer's sister will be surprised _______.
(a)when she sees the writer's new house
(b)when she comes to England,
(c)when she sees the writer
(d) when she leaves Nigeria
2 Some people will find the house strange because ______.
(a) it is modern
(b) it is new
(c) it is large
(d) it is old
3 If she ______she will get surprise.
(a)comes
(b)came
(c) has come
(d) will come
4 I like my sister's house. it's a _______.
(a) new beautiful house
(b) beautiful house new
(c)beautiful new house
(d) new house beautiful
5 The house ______ five months ago.
(a)has completed
(b)completed
(c)was completed
(d) has been completed
6 I told her she could stay with us. That 's what I ______.
(a)said to her
(b)said her
(c) told to her
(d) told
7 The house has many large rooms. ______ many large rooms
(a)They have
(b) They are
(c)There have
(d) There are
8 I had a letter yesterday. I _____ one.
(a)sent
(b)took
(c) wrote
(d) received
9 She will come to England ______ year.
(a)last
(b)next
(c)the other
(d) the last
10 Our house is in the country. It's not in ______.
(a)Nigeria
(b) the city
(c)England
(d) France
11 Work on it had begun before my sister left. My sister left _____ it had begun.
(a)after
(b)without
(c)behind
(d)soon
12 It is a very modern house. It was built ______.
(a) lastly
(b)late
(c)latest
(d)recently
Key: 1a 2a 3a 4c 5c 6a 7d 8d 9b 10b 11a 12d
第十八单元 第三课
主动语态与被动语态的转换（下）
▶ 短语动词主动句的转换
短语动词分两类，一类由动词+副词小品词组成，另一类由动词+副词小品词+
介词小品词组成，其作用相当于及物动词，因此通常可以带宾语。转换时，小
品词不能漏缺。
• They put off the sports meet because of the bad weather.
因天公不作美，他们推迟了运动会。
▪ The sports meet was put off because of the bad weather.
因天公不作美，运动会被推迟。
• We should do away with outmoded conventions and customs.
我们应废除陈规陋习。
▪ Outmoded conventions and customs should be done away with.
陈规陋习应当废除。
▶ 介词短语主动句的转换
介词短语由不及物动词+介词构成，其作用相当于及物动词，因此可以带宾语。
转换时，介词小品词不可漏缺。
• The committee decided that it should look into the bribery case immediately.
该委员会决定：立即调查这起贿赂案。
▪ The committee decided that the bribery case should be looked into
immediately.
该委员会决定：这起贿赂案应立即调查。
• They did not arrive at any agreement at the conference.
他们在会议上未达成任何一致意见。
• → No agreement was arrived at at the conference.会议未达成任何一致意
见。
注：有些介词短语的被动语态仅表示引申意义，像下面的句子就不能转换成被
动句。
• Airmail can arrive at the destination very quickly.
航空信可以很快到达目的地。
▶ 成语动词主动句的转换
有些“动词+名词+介词”的成语动词是约定俗成的，其作用相当于及物动词，
如：attach importance to，make fun of，make use of, pay attention to，put an end
to，take advantage of，take care of等。
把含有这种成语动词的主动句变成被动句的方法有两种。
▪ 把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语。
▪ We must make good use of our time.
Our time must be made good use of. 我们必须好好利用我们的时间。
▪ 把成语动词中的名词变成被动句的主语。
▪ We must take good care of children at school.
→Good care must be taken of children at school.
我们一定照顾好学校里的孩子。
▪ We must put an end to waste.我们必须杜绝浪费。
→An end must be put to waste.必须杜绝浪费。
▶ 两类被动句型的相互转换
▪ 英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型,它们通常是一些表示客
观说明的句子。
• People believed that he is honest.
It is believed that he is honest.
He is believed to be honest.
大家相信他是诚实的。
▪ 比较上面两类被动句型可以发现,一类是“it + be+过去分词十that从句”,另
一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(后面这种“主语”为前一类句型中
that从句中的主语)。通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有: assume,
believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think,
understand等比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化)：
• It is known that she was a good singer.
She is known to have been a good singer.
大家知道她曾是位优秀的歌手。
• It is reported that he was driving fast.
He is reported to have been driving fast.
据报道，他当时车开得很快。
▶ 含有情态动词的主动句转换成被动句
若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动
词，其结构为“情态动词+be(或be的适当时态形式)+过去分词”。
• We must take further measures to protect the environment.
我们必须采取进一步措施保护环境。
▪ →Further measures must be taken to protect the environment.
必须采取进一步措施保护环境。
• We cannot do this in short time.
我们不可能在短期内做完这件事。
▪ →This cannot be done in such a short time.
这件事不是短期内可以完成的。
▶ get+过去分词
英语口语中，过去分词之前常用get代替be，有时也可以用become代替be。
• They soon got lost in the thick forest.
他们不久就在茂密森林里迷路了。
• We got excited at the news that our team had won the match.
听到我们队比赛获胜的消息，我们非常激动。
• We became concerned when she hadn’t come home after midnight.
午夜后她还没有回家，我们就担心起来。
• All the passengers and the crew got killed in the air crash.
所有乘客和机组人员在空难中全部丧生。
注：get常与 arrested, caught, confused, delayed, divorced, dressed, drowned, drunk,
elected, engaged, excited, hit, killed, lost, married, stuck等过去分词连用，
➢ 被动语态与作形容词的过去分词的比较：许多词(如 broken, interested,
amused, frozen, locked, shut, tired, upset, worried等)可以用作形容词，也可在
被动语态结构中用作过去分词，但二者有区别。
• I was worried about her health.
我担心她的健康。(形容词：表示状态)
• I was worried by mosquitoes all night.
我被蚊子搅扰了一整夜。(被动语态：表示行为)
注：如果是形容词，后面就不能用“by+行为主体”，也不能变为主动句。
第十九单元